Webquest: Harry Potter

Harry Potter : J . K . Rowling 

2. ) Feministic Views 

One of the ways in which the authors attempt to represent strong and independent female characters is through the change of roles i.e. through incorporating female characters in adventurous plots usually reserved for men. In accordance with this opinion female characters are given male roles in many adventure or fantasy literary works. However, it cannot be said that Rowling employs this technique to represent Hermione, because Hermione’s power is not realized through typically male roles; also, she does not attain androgynous characteristics conforming to the theories of radical feminists. 

Hermoine is belongs to the ‘Muggleworld’. And,she also known as ‘Mudblood’ as her parents one is wizard and another is ‘Muggle’.so, just because of that ‘Hermoine’ has to bear ‘Mudblood’ sentence like her ‘Darkspot’. She is really intellectual than the Harry himself .And, brave, beautiful,innocent and most clever student of, Hogwarts school in her age,’Harry’ and ‘Ron’ both of her classmates bestfriends. Hermoine always supports ‘Harry’ in each and every problems of his life.And,also helps in to find out Horcruxes .she always gives him support as a ‘bestfriend’.

Hermione as a girl

Care, Love, Ignorance , Emotionality, Hurt, Struggle.

Hermione as a feminist character:

Intelligent that Harry and Ron, Power to take quick decision, Fight, Clever, Thinker than applier

Hermione Granger is a good example of the many parts a character might represent because she is a friend and a student, and she is portrayed in many different lights throughout the Novels.

Example:

Hermione fights battles differently than do the boys in the novels, she uses her reason and logic in order to solve problems and mysteries, and her strength can be seen from this.

Intelligence :

The psychologist Gail Grynbaum states 

“Hermione is repeatedly the truth-sleuth, comfortable in the library, who finds the clue that makes sense of the mystery at hand. She is always the one standing at a crossroads pointing the way.”

Hermione is that character that is smart, and she is able to figure out most of the secrets that no one else can. Her knowledge and brains save her and her friends throughout the series multiple times, showing her strength every time she uses her intellect to defeat a problem.

EXAMPLE:

  Harry James Potter, who had found himself a book full of potion cheat codes. The last thing he needed was another helping hand. Hermione warned him about using the book.

9 ) The theme of Love and Death:

In the novel Love and Death are the themes that go simultaneously. All the books of Rowling have these common theme “Selfless Love gets triumph” as is said ‘Truth always wins’.  We can talk on this theme is traditionally and mythically. Last line of book…

“The scar had not pained Harry for nineteen years. All was well.”

Love is a significant theme in all the books of Harry Potter series. Harry loved all, and was loved by all. This book delineates the concept of strongly tied of love among the character.

Love plays vital role in Voldemort's downfall than he or Harry realize.  

“Voldemort also unwittingly ensures that Harry is tied to life while Voldemort lives by taking some of his blood in the hope that he will be able to gain some of the protection that lingers in Harry as a result of Lily sacrifice."

“You should have died for them! As we would have done for you”.

Death has played a central role in each book, and is at the heart of  the final confrontation between Harry and Voldemort. Both Horcrux, which form the main thrust of the entire series, and the Deathly Hallows which are a major part of the story of the seventh book, are shown to be means of avoiding or mastering death. Harry’s attitude toward death is usually shown as a balance between recklessness and respect. Many times, Harry’s actions have led to his being in a dangerous situation, yet he has faced death bravely.

gains courage to face Voldemort and his own death.
 

7 ) Speculative literature

Speculative literature deals with fantasy, supernatural elements, imaginative world in short a world which is creation of a author. a world from a distance seems to be unreal. Which leads to escape from real to unreal. but here we see a child Harry which slowly growing into adulthood which gives a real feeling of a growing child. the way every human beings grows...natural process.
Apart from magic, many things we could find in our real world and among all human beings. that is :

Feeling of love, hatred ,problems of life, finding solutions, relationships, sacrifice ,death ,adventure etc.
so it tooks us to reality .

And it has deep philosophy of life.

What Is an Author ?

 What Is an  Author ? 

 

- According to the " Oxford Cambridge University " :

                        Author is an " The writer of a book , article , and play Etc" . 

-  According to the  " Collins Dictionary " : 

                           Author is an " A plan or proposal is the person who think of it 
                                                  and works out of the details ." 

 Now i wants to discuss about my point of view about the author :

-  So i would like to discuss about author on literature ;

- The word author refers to the writer of a literary work in literature . Any author choose a particular from of literature to convey his message to his readers .

-  The author is maybe male or Female .

- The author of Poem is : known as the Poet
   The author of novel is : known as the novelist 
   The author of play or drama is : known as play write and dramatist.

- The author is expected to be the master of the language in which he is writing a literary work.

- In other words, the authors should be  aware about the all rules and regulation
of the language and all poetic devise of the language.

- Moreover , the author should be an experienced man. He should have the first hand experience in the first life . In fact the real life is the direct source of the author's writings.

- The author selects certain events from the life around him and delineates them in to his work with some modification.

- Besides, the author give imaginative colors while   writings a works of art .The author is an craft man who present his ideas and feelings , artistically and poetically.

- The good authors never tells anythings directly . He puts forth massage indirectly .Any author deals with the motifs or universal topics of the life like :

          - Birth , Death , Love , Marriage , etc 

- The author  tries to give quality of the permanency to his work and there by tries to make it immortal.

- The author hold the gift of insight through which he can visualize things of future , the inner of the human mind , the complexities of the human relation and so on .

- The author  teaches mankind lessons , of wisdom through his work . he deals with basic value of the life Like :

     - Truth , Honesty , Sincerity , etc.

Deconstruction By Jacques Derrida

Deconstruction By Jacques Derrida

Introduction :-

Jacques Derrida was an Algerian-born French philosopher, known as the founder of deconstruction. His voluminous work has had a profound impact upon literary theory and continental philosophy. His best known work is Of Grammatology. Distancing himself from the various philosophical movements and traditions that preceded him on the French intellectual scene (phenomenology, existentialism, and structuralism); in the mid 1960s he developed a strategy called deconstruction.

Derrida was one of the most widely revered and widely reviled thinkers of the mid-to-late twentieth Century.

 Key concept of the Derrida's Deconstructions:

Deconstruction:

Deconstruction is a school of philosophy and literary criticism forged in the writings of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Deconstruction can perhaps best be described as a theory of reading which aims to undermine the logic of opposition within Texts. For Derrida this requires a scrutiny of the essential distinctions and conceptual orderings which have been constructed by the dominant tradition of Western philosophy

Differance

Differance is a French word coined by the French philosopher and deconstructionist, Jacques Derrida. The word is a play on several other words that illustrate Derrida’s meaning. The concept of differance is a complex theory that tries to illuminate the way words are used and how their specific meaning is derived. Derrida called difference a "neographism," meaning a term that is neither a word nor a concept and is used to describe a literary idea.

In his theory of deconstruction, Derrida claimed that because each person has different moods, backgrounds, and ways of experiencing things, a word or choice of words will not conjure up the same idea to every person.

‘’….in language there are only differences without positive terms’’

This idea leads him the two key concepts 1) Sign 2) Structure.

Binary Oppositions

The binary opposition is the structuralist idea that acknowledges the human tendency to think in terms of opposition. For Saussure the binary opposition was the “means by which the units of language have value or meaning; each unit is defined against what it is not.” With this categorization, terms and concepts tend to be associated with a positive or negative.

For example, Reason/Passion, Man/Woman, Inside/Outside, Presence/Absence, Speech/Writing, etc. Derrida argued that these oppositions were arbitrary and inherently unstable.

The structures themselves begin to overlap and clash and ultimately these structures of the text dismantle themselves from within the text. In this sense deconstruction is regarded as a forum of anti-structuralism. Deconstruction rejects most of the assumptions of structuralism and more vehementaly “binary opposition” on the grounds that such oppositions always previlege one term over the other, that is, signified over the signifier

Essay : ‘‘The Black Skin, White Mask’’

‘‘The Black Skin, White Mask’’ by Frantz Fanon:

‘‘Post-colonialism :

‘‘Post-colonialism deals with the effects of colonization on cultures and societies. As originally used by historians after the Second World War in terms such as the post-colonial state, ‘post-colonial’ had a clearly chronological meaning, designating the post-independence period. However, from the late 1970s the term has been used by literary critics to discuss the various cultural effects of colonization.’’

About Essay :-

The Black Skin, White Mask studied under the psychological term, given by Freud. He gave three level of mind

Basic idea is to understand notion within psyche, the notion of the color lie. The idea of race/color coming from colonialism. Colonizers turn the notion into symbolic value. This symbolic value created problems. It is lead towards the idea of

‘‘Lackness’’.

Black Skin, White Mask reading within ‘‘the lack’’ and it is generates the idea of desire. Desire of having white skin it is constructed idea by colonizer. White as a superior, the idea is created by White Man.

At the very bottom level the idea is constructed at that level that black people hating their own self. That’s how they constructed that having black skin, it is became the curse for them. They don’t like to look themselves as a black man. Their mind is totally controlled by the given symbolic value. They feel shame for having black skin. Fanon described that when black man seemed their face, they seemed themselves as a white face. Being a human with black skin was became more dangerous for them. At that level their mind is washing by white man. Therefore they have desire for white skin. White skin became the goal for black man. But desire is abstract thing, it cannot achieve. They frustrated because they cannot achieved the goal. That’s why Fanon said that

‘‘If we cannot achieved the goal, changed the goal.’’

Celebrate what we are. He tries to goes into the roots and celebrate their culture, notion, tradition. And try to put themselves as it is. But he was not fully happy with going back to ‘‘nativism’’ because there were also some trouble. We cannot fully celebrated our Nativism as it is. So, he tries to goes beyond the notion of color and tries to seemed people in parallel instead in hierarchical way. He believe in ‘‘HUMANITY’’.

How literature shaped me.

 How literature shapes me.....

Here I am sharing my experience of learning literature that how literature shaped me. Throughout this five years I have studied many texts and after studying each and every texts my point of view about life also changed.

Literature is a platform where everybody gets equal chance to express their selves. Here no one is going to ask tell us your gender, here no one is going to ask tell us your cast, tell us your degree, and tell us who your parents are. Here everyone are equal.

I have studied many texts and with each and every character I was feeling that I am also feeling the same. So, what I learned from literature? Of course about life and life experience and yet nothing because after all literature is this. It never teaches you something rather it just express someone’s feeling, emotions.

“Literature is Mirror to Society”;

But I think this is not enough because Literature is not mirror to society or rather I would like to say something more about this, I would like to add something more. According to me ; “Literature is X-ray image of society, very ugly and hard to accept. Literature is like Fruit Jam, all fruits mixed together very well that we can’t identify which test is given by which fruit. But this Fruit Jam is not sweet like original one rather I would like to say that this Fruit Jam of literature is rather bitter, hard to understand and impossible to accept as it is”.

When I stared my journey of English literature in first year of B.A. when time passes I learn so many things from literature. Today when I look back in memory of time I realize that I am not the same person I has before entering into this subject. Now I am totally different person from earlier life. Some positive changes happened with me with the help of reading and studying literature. And literature also damaged me in some of the point of views. So it gives some negative effect in my life also.

My thinking level is increased very much with critical thinking process. Before few years I was thinking only, but now I am not only thinking but now I am thinking with my increased level of thinking capacity.

At last i would like say Literature makes us think about ourselves and our society, allows us to enjoy language and beauty, it can be didactic and it reflects on the human conditions.

What is Literature ?

 What is Literature ?

" Literature  consist of the those writing which interpret the meaning of nature and life , in words of charm and power , touched with the personality of the author , in artistic forms of the permanent interest " .
                    

                                                               - By , Henry Van Dyke 

" literature is where i go to explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the human spirit , where i hope to find absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart". 

                                                              - By Salman Rushdie   

 

 Here i would like to  discuss about the my  point of view about      

          " What  is Literature " ? 

 

- Literature is different from other writings.Literature is one of the fine arts in which literary writer uses language as the medium for expression of ideas and feelings.

- Literature is made of many works of the art in different literary forms as well as  literary criticism.

- In other words literature consists of creative writing and also critical writing.

- Literature is broadly classified under two categories . They are  1) Fictional Literature and 2) Non- Fictional Literature .

- Sometimes literature is classified  as literature of  power and literature of knowledge .

- Sometimes critics talk about descriptive literature and narrative literature.

- The Writers selects a particular  literary  forms to express his ideas or feelings .

- The literary forms are novel , Short-stories , novella , poetry , that including song , lyrics , epic , sonnet , ode, Ballad , etc.

- Literature maybe in the Drama forms including ; Tragedy , Comedy , Tragic- Comedy Etc.

- Sometimes literature is the divided  under two types as : Prose Literature , and Poetry Literature .

- The Literature Writer Offers Specifics design through his work also . The writers try to make his work classical by using various devise or techniques.

- The literary works indirectly teaches mankind of wisdoms. Moreover , each works deals with basic human values as well  as emotion of the common people .

- The language of literature is ornamental and poetics. Literature writings creates our interest in aesthetics . Literature gives us sense of beauty and at the same time it helps our upliftment.

- Literary piece comments upon human life and human relationship.

 According to me Importance of the literature :

  -   Literature is the important for the many reasons , including its ability to provide pleasure to readers to help readers empathize with other and to develop the thinking the skills. While  Literature educational importance is the often  downplay is favor of business and technical educations , the study  of the books offers many positive benefits  to readers .

 Here i would like to discuss about the concept of the literariness : 

-  The literariness refers to  the unique quality with which each literary work is marked.  It is vague concept perhaps because in any work of art many things together become literariness .

- We can say that total effects of a literary piece is literariness. The writes uses various poetic devices while writers a works of art .

- All these devise add to the literariness of a work .Similarly the style of the writers is use of language , the selection of the lexical words to creates specific atmosphere in his writing all these go with literariness.

- " Reality speaking , literariness distinguishes a work of art from other writings.

WHY IS LITERATURE IMPORTANT? 

Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author writes or says, and how he or she says it. We may interpret and debate an author's message by examining the words he or she chooses in a given novel or work or observing which character or voice serves as the connection to the reader.

In academia, this decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory ​using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approaches to better understand the context and depth of a work.

Works of literature, at their best, provide a kind of blueprint of human civilization. From the writings of ancient civilizations like Egypt, and China, to Greek philosophy and poetry;  from the epics of Homer to the plays of Shakespeare, from Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte to Maya Angelou, works of literature give insight and context to all the world's societies. 

Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze it, literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us on a deeply personal level. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful.

Also Known As: Classics, learning, erudition, belles-lettres, lit, literary works, written work, writings, books.

Six Parts of Tragedy by Aristotle

  Six Parts of Tragedy

 

Introduction:

Aristotle was born in 384 B.C.at Stagira. He came to Athens at the age of seventeen and became a disciple of Plato. He stayed with his master till his death in 347 B.C.The most important of his works are: 

(1) Dialogues,

(2) On Monarchy,

(3)Natural History 

(4) Organon,or The Instrument of correct Thinking

(5) Rhetoric

(6) Logic,

(7)Educational Ethics,

(8) Nicomachean Ethics,

(9) Physics

(10) Meta physics,

(11) Politics

(12) The Poetics. 

Aristotle is the first scientific literary critic and his literary criticism is largely embodied in The Poetics which must have been penned by him after he settled as teacher and investigator in Athens. It does not say much about comedy, touches rather briefly on the epics, and the renowned concept of “Catharsis” has not been fully developed or explained. It is a lopsided work, concerned mainly with the Greek Philosopher’s theory of tragedy.

· Definition of Tragedy:

After this Preliminary discussion Aristotle comes to a consideration of the nature and function of tragedy. He defines tragedy as:

“The imitation of an action, serious, complete and of a certain magnitude, in a language beautifies in different parts with different kinds of embellishment, through action and not narration, and through scenes of pity and fear bringing about the ‘catharsis’ of these emotion.”

This definition has wide implication. It falls naturally, into two parts. The first part from “The imitation of an action” to, “And not narration”, is concerned with tragedy as one of the imitative arts, and points out its medium, object, and manner of imitation. The second part is concerned with the function and emotional effect of tragedy.

· Six Parts of Tragedy:

 

 

Having examined the definition, nature and function of tragedy, Aristotle comes to a consideration of its formative or constituent parts. He enumerates six formative elements of a tragedy like, Plot, Character, Diction, Thought, Spectacle, and Song (Melody).Two of these parts relat to the medium of

Imitation, one to the manner of imitation, and three to the objects of imitation.

1. The Plot:

While all the six elements listed are essential to tragedy and have always been employed by poets, the most important constituent of tragedy, according to Aristotle, is Plot. “It is the soul of a tragedy.” By Plot Aristotle means the arrangement of incidents. Incident mean action and tragedy is an imitation of an action, both external and internal. In a successful Plot, the various incidents are casually related to each other and are also probable and necessary under the circumstrances.The Plot should be so framed that it arouses the emotions of pity and fear among the spectators which is the function of tragedy. The best tragic plot is one which shows a good man, but not a perfectly good one suffering as a conciqanceof some error or fault, Hamartia on his own part.

·

 Plot and Character- A comparative study: 

As regards the comparative importance of plot and character. Aristotle is quite emphatic that plot is more important than character. Justas colour however beautiful have no meaning and significance without the outline so, also the tragedy ‘has no soul’, no significance without plot. It is plot, which like the painter’s outline gives meaning and significance to character.

2. The Character: 

The word “Character”, as Humphrey House emphasises can be used in two scenes. It may mean,(1) Dramatic personages or(2) The bent or tendency, or habit of mind, which can be revealed only in what a dramatic personages say or does. Character comes in as subsidiary to the action. Hence, the incidents and the plot are the end of a tragedy; and the end is the chief thing of all. By likeness Aristotle may mean either of two things; first the characters must be life like, they must be true representatives of actual human nature; or, secondly, they must be like the traditional or historical personages on whom they are modeled and whose name the bear.Ther must be no sudden and unaccountable changes in character; in whatever the character says or does the demands of necessity and probability must be satisfied.

3. The Thought:

Thought is third in importance and is found where something is prove to be, or a general maxim is enunciated. Aristotle say little about thought, and most of what he has to say is associated with how speeches should reveal character. However, we may assume that this category would also include what we call the themes of a play. Thought that is, the faculty of saying what is possible and pertinent in given circumstances. “Thought is the intellectual element in a tragedy.” And it is expressed through the speech of a character.

 

4. The Diction: 

Fourth among the elements enumerated comes Diction; by which I mean, as has been already said, “The expression of the meaning in words; and its essence is the same both in verse and prose. In the modern sense it means ‘choice of words.’ He meant by it use of various kinds of verses fit for evoking emotions which the poet wanted to evoke.

 

5. The Song(Melody): 

Song or the Lyrical element is to be found in the choric parts of a tragedy, it is the ‘embellishment’ spoken of earlier which distinguishes the tragedy from the epic. The songs and dialogues sung out loud would pin the attention of the spectators in the vast Greek theater on the spectacle, spur their imagination, sustain the illusion of reality and move them to tears and transport.

6. The Spectacle: 

It is one of the sources of the pleasures of tragedy. The spectacle or the scenic effects have more to do with stagecraft than with the writing of poetry, and hence Aristotle is of the view that the dramatist must depend for his effects on his own powers, rather than on spectacle. Besides, the production of spectacular effects depends more on the art of the stage machinist than on that of the poet. There can be no worse enemy of the art of the dramatist, than the theater manager, and relince on the theatrical and the sensational has spoiled many an excellent play.

 Conclusion: 

All these has been the discussion if Aristotle’s concept of tragedy. In every kind of representational literature plot has its own important place, characters are bound to be there though they may be of different types; it will have a definite central thought expressed in appropriate diction and technique; finally, it will have its own end or purpose in place of catharsis. Similarly, they have their own thought, way of presentation and spectacle.