Bluest Eye :-

Bluest Eye :-

Introduction :-

The Bluesteye Published in 1970, The Bluest eye came about at a critical moment in the history of American civil rights. Morrison began Pecola's story as a short piece in1962; it became a novel-in-progress by 1965. It
was written, as one can see from the dates, during the years of some of the most dynamic and turbulent transformations of Afro-American life.

Before discussing novel i'll discusses about introductory characters :

• Pecola Breedlove: One of the main characters of the novel, Pecola is a young African American girl who comes from a financially unstable family. The title The Bluest Eye refers to Pecola's fervent wishes for beautiful blue eyes. Her insanity at the end of the novel is her only way to escape the world where she cannot be beautiful and to get the blue eyes she desires from the beginning of the novel.
• Cholly Breedlove: Cholly is Pecola's father. Abusive and an alcoholic, Cholly's violent and aggressive behavior reflects his troublesome upbringing.
• Pauline "Polly" Breedlove: Pecola's mother. Mrs. Breedlove is married to Cholly and lives the self-righteous life of a martyr, enduring her drunk husband and raising her two awkward children as best she can.
• Sam Breedlove: Pecola's older brother. Sammy, as he is more often referred to in the novel, is Cholly and Mrs. Breedlove's only son.
• Auntie Jimmy: Cholly's great aunt, who takes him in to raise after his parents abandon him.
• The Fishers: The rich, white couple who employ Pauline as their servant and as the caretaker of their little girl.
• Maureen Peal: An African-American girl Pecola's age, who considers herself and other people "of color" to be above black people. Frieda and Claudia mock Maureen, calling her "Meringue Pie."

About Novel


Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye is a novel that contains many rhetorical arguments and logical fallacies. However, before going into detail about what they are, here is a brief synopsis of what The Bluest Eye is about. The Bluest Eye depicts the tragic life of a young black girl, Pecola Breedlove, who wants nothing more than to be loved by her family and her schoolmates. She surmises that the reason she is despised and ridiculed is that she is black andtherefore, ugly.

Consequently, Pecola sublimates her desire to be loved into a desire

to have blue eyes and blond hair; in other words, to basically look like Shirley Temple, who Pecola thinks is adored by all . Pecola, soon after entering

young womanhood, is raped and impregnated by her father, Cholly.

Her mother, Pauline, finds haven, hope, life and meaning as a servant

to the white, blond, blueeyed, clean, rich, family to which she

dedicates her love and her respect for an orderly life that poverty

does not afford.

Pecola goes quietly insane and withdraws into a fantasy world in

which she is the most beloved little girl because she ends up having

the bluest of all.

The novel's focus, however, is on a girl named Pecola Breedlove. Pecola, we are told in the prelude, will be raped by her father by novel's end. The prelude frames the story so that the reader knows from the beginning that Pecola's story ends tragically. The Breedloves are poor, unhappy, and troubled. Their story seems in many ways to be deterministic, as they are often the victims of forces over which they have no control. Their situation is a powerful contrast to the MacTeers, who are of slender means but have a strong family unit. The MacTeers also seem to have much stronger agency, and are never really passive victims in the way that the Breedloves are.

In conclusion, the social identities in place in The Bluest eye provide excellent examples of how social identities are created and then replicated.

Furthermore, the novel renders hard evidence of how hard social and group identities are to break. Morrison’s writings are truly an exemplary display of

the difficulties involved in obtaining a positive social identity.

The Oedipus complex

The Oedipus complex

The Oedipus Complex is a psychoanalytical theory created by Sigmund Freud (pictured) and derived heavily from Sphocles play. Influenced by Freud, many later critics (and forward to this day) find elements of the Oedipus Complex in the relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude.
The theory dictates that all children feel sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and the death of the parent of the same sex, and is today believed to be manifest only in very young children. In terms of the play, the Oedipus Complex is extremely unhelpful: firstly, because Oedipus is not a child when Sophocles’ play takes place, but secondly (and more importantly) because the play rests on the fact that he is unaware of the identity of his parents when he respectively murders and sleeps with them.
For the Greeks, the word 'tragedy' was used much as we use the word 'play' - but it does not carry the same implications of our modern word 'tragedy'.
In Athens, the performance of tragedies took place as part of festivals - the most famous being the City Dionysia, a festival which worshipped the god Dionysos. Dionysos is the god of wine, of revelry, of theatre, of frenzy and of ambiguity - a reading of Euripides Bacchae goes much of the way to explain some of the logic behind his association with the Greek theatre.

“Oedipus the King” by Sophocles

 

 

Oedipus the King” (Gr: “Oidipous Tyrannos”; Lat: “Oedipus Rex”) is a tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, first performed in about 429 BCE. It was the second of 'Sophocles' three Theban plays to be produced, but it comes first in the internal chronology .



It follows the story of King Oedipus of Thebes as he discovers that he has unwittingly killed his own father, Laius, and married his own mother, Jocasta .Over the centuries, it has come to be regarded by many as the Greek tragedy par excellence and certainly as the summit of Sophocles achievements.

It follows the story of King Oedipus of Thebes as he discovers that he has unwittingly killed his own father, Laius, and married his own mother, Jocasta .Over the centuries, it has come to be regarded by many as the Greek tragedy par excellence and certainly as the summit of Sophocles achievements.


When the play opens, Thebes is suffering a plague which leaves its fields and women barren. Oedipus, the king of Thebes, has sent his brother-in-law, Creon to the house of Apollo to ask the oracle how to end the plague. Creon returns, bearing good news: once the killer of the previous king, Laius, is found, Thebes will be cured of the plague . Hearing this, Oedipus swears he will find the murderer and banish him. The Chorus (representing the people of Thebes) suggests that Oedipus consult Teiresias the blind prophet. Oedipus tells them that he has already sent for Teiresias.
When Teiresias arrives, he seems reluctant to answer Oedipus's questions, warning him that he does not want to know the answers. Oedipus threatens him with death, and finally Teiresias tells him that Oedipus himself is the killer, and that his marriage is a sinful union. Oedipus takes this as an insult and jumps to the conclusion that Creon paid Teiresias to say these things. Furious, Oedipus dismisses him, and Teiresias goes, repeating as he does, that Laius's killer is right here before him - a man who is his father's killer and his mother's husband, a man who came seeing but will leave in blindness.
Finally the truth is clear - devastated, Oedipus exits into the palace. A messenger reveals that he grabbed a sword and searched for Jocasta with the intent to kill her. Upon entering her chamber, however, he finds that she has hanged herself. He takes the gold brooches from her dress and gouges his eyes out. He appears onstage again, blood streaming from his now blind eyes.



He cries out that he, who has seen and done such vile things, shall never see again. He begs the Chorus to kill him. Creon enters, having heard the entire story, and begs Oedipus to come inside, where he will not be seen. Oedipus begs him to let him leave the city, and Creon tells him that he must consult Apollo first. Oedipus tells him that banishment was the punishment he declared for Laius's killer, and Creon agrees with him.

Emma, by Jane Austen

Emma, by Jane Austen, is a novel about youthful hubris and the perils of misconstrued romance. The novel was first published in December 1815.



MAIN CHARACTERS
Emma Woodhouse: 21 years old, Emma is a smart hottie..
Henry Woodhouse: Emma’s Dad.
George Knightley: A good friend to Emma and her dad.
Harriet Smith: Some random 17-year-old Emma takes under her wing and tries to get Elton to marry.
Anne Taylor: Emma’s nanny and closest friend.
Mr. Weston: The Woodhouse’s neighbor who married Miss Taylor.
Philip Elton: The 26-year-old local rector.
Frank Churchill: Mr. Weston’s son who is supposed to be some fancy dude.
Hetty Bates: Old lady who talks all the time.
Jane Fairfax: Miss Bates’ niece who is well-mannered and fancy.
Robert Martin: A farmer who wants to marry Harriet Smith.
Augusta Hawkins: A conceited chick Mr. Elton meets and asks to marry.
John Knightley: George’s brother who married Emma’s sister.
Isabella Knightley: Emma’s sister.
Mrs. Goddard: The head of the boarding school where Harriet goes.
Mr. and Mrs. Cole: People with new money who are trying to get up in the town’s society.
Mr. Perry: The town pharmacist.

- About Novel ;-

Emma is a novel of courtship and social manners. The majority of the book focuses on the question of marriage: who will marry whom and for what reasons will they marry: love, practicality, or necessity? At the center of the narration is the title character, Emma a heiress who lives with her widowed father at their estate, Hartfield. Noted for her beauty and cleverness, Emma is somewhat wasted in the small village of Highbury but takes a great deal of pride in her matchmaking skills. Unique among other women her age, she has no particular need to marry: she is in the unique situation of not needing a husband to supply her fortune.

Emma is about a girl who is rich and lives with only her father at their big estate. Emma's mother died long ago and Emma lives with her father and governess. Her governess is her friend but there is a sad goodbye when her governess gets married.
Emma's father is protective of Emma and he insists that she must get married. But Emma laughs and says that she will never marry.

Mr. Elton goes away to an estate called Bath for a vacation. When he comes back, he is married to a girl named Augusta Hawkins. Augusta is too proud and is very rich so no one likes her except Jane Fairfax.

Jane Fairfax was a rich orphan who lived with her aunt and was cousin to Emma. Everyone loved Jane Fairfax and she was rather delicate. She grew sick easily but was always made sure to be looked after by everyone.

Harriet tells Emma that she likes somebody but before she can say anything more, Emma hushes her and tells her that she knows who Harriet likes already. Emma thought that it was Frank Churchill but actually, it was John Knightely who was courting Emma.

When Emma finds out that Frank was engaged to Jane Fairfax for a long period of time and that they were to be married, she feels terrible because she still thought that Harriet liked him. So when she asked Harriet how she felt about the whole matter, Harriet said that she was very happy for them and Harriet didn't even feel bad. So when Emma asks her if she doesn't care even though she liked Frank, Harriet is surprised and tells Emma that she never liked Frank Churchill and that she liked Mr. Knightely.

Emma then tells her that they were courting and they are engaged. Harriet doesn't fall ill this time and she decides to like Mr. Martin. Mr. Martin and Harriet are soon engaged and everyone lives happily ever after.

End of the novel this couplemarrige with each other :-

Emma and Mr. Knightley had agreed not to get married until Mr. John Knightley and Isabella can come to the wedding (and be with Mr. Woodhouse for the honeymoon).
Unfortunately, Mr. Woodhouse believes that the marriage won't occur for at least another year or two (or three).

 

Romeo and Juliet by Willian Shakespeare.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.The play which is set in Verona is a story about a long feud between the Montague and Capulet families. This feud causes tragic results for the main characters in the play, Romeo and Juliet. The events contrast hatred and revenge with love and a secret marriage, forcing the young star-crossed lovers to grow up quickly and die tragically in despair.

Charecters of the play :-

House of Capulet: Mr Capuleto, Miss Capuleto, Juliet, Teobaldo, Pedro, Sanson, Gregori o.
House of Montague: Mr Montesco, Miss Muntesco, Romeo, Bemvolio, Abraham, Baltasar.
Government of Verona: Prince Della Escala, Count Paris, Mercucio.
Other characters: Fray Lorenzo, Fray Juan, Boticario, Rosalina.
Plot of the story in short :-

The plot of Romeo and Juliet is the Montague and the Capulet are enemies but Romeo goes to the Capulets ball and meets Juliet they both fall in love and secretly get married. But Juliet´s Father wants her to marry another guy. She pretends she is dead to get out of it. Romeo doesn´t no so he kills himself to be with her. She makes up and realizes he´s dead and she kills herself. The family finds them and ends the feud.

A short summary of the Play:-

Romeo and Juliet fall in love at a party. But they come from families which hate each other. They are sure they will not be allowed to marry. Nevertheless, helped by Friar Laurence, they marry in secret instead. Unfortunately, before their wedding night Romeo kills Juliet's cousin in a duel, and in the morning he is forced to leave her. If he ever returns to the city, he will be put to death.
Juliet's parents told her she must marry Paris. Her parents do not know she is already married. She refuses in the beginning, but later agrees because she plans to fake her death and escape to be with Romeo forever; again with the help of Friar Laurence.
Frair Laurence designs the plan. He gives Juliet a sleeping potion. She appears to be dead and was put in a tomb. However, Romeo does not know about the plan, visits her grave, thinks she is dead, and kills himself. When Juliet finally wakes up, she discovers that Romeo is dead and then kills herself.
The story of Romeo and Juliet based on a true love stiry Romeo and Juliet was in fact based on the life of two real lovers who both died for each other and lived in Verona, Italy in 1303.
The themes of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare are various but the most salient feature of the story is the theme of love. The play presents the most famous love story in the English literary tradition. But although love is naturally the plays dominant and most important theme, other themes are also present throughout the events.



Theme of play like:-,

Love

Fate and chance

Duality of light and dark

Time

Old-Stone Mansion ( Wada Chirebandi ) by Mahesh Elkunchwar

Old-Stone Mansion ( Wada Chirebandi )

Mahesh Elkunchwar [born 9 October 1939] is an Indian playwright with more than 20 plays to his name, in addition to his theoretical writings, critical works, and his active work in India's Paeallel Cinema as actor and screenwriter. Today, along with Vijay tendulkarhe is one of the most influential and progressive playwrights not just in modern ,Marathi theater

but also larger modern Indian theater.

Old-Stone Mansion (1989) (Wada Chirebandi) is a family centered realistic play. The prominent women characters are Aai, Vahini, Prabha, Dadi and Ranju. 

These women characters show family attachment and community bonds prevailing in the Maharashtrian society. They display feminine sensibilities in their behavior. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the female characters in terms of their actions and behaviour.

The play, Wada Chirebandi, begins on the fifth day after the demise of Tatyaji (Venkatesh) the patriarch of the Deshpande family of Dharangaon.

Dharangaon is a small hamlet in the interiors of Maharashtra where the influences of commercial Bombay has slowly spread its tentacles. The play begins with Aai, the widow of Tatyaji, awaiting the arrival of her second son Sudhir and his wife Anjali from Bombay, to attend the 13th day rites.

In the meantime, the eldest son Bhaskar and his wife, Vahini, has taken over the reins of the family by taking charge of the two objects of command, the keys and the ancestral jewellery box. Been a traditional Brahmin family, Bhaskar intends to conduct the rituals in full traditional fanfare even when the family has fallen in difficult lines.

Bhaskar expects Sudhir to bear the expenses, as his image of someone from a big city is that of been financially well off, while Sudhir claims that he is just about making ends meet in his two room apartment in the outskirts of Bombay. Thus the first crack in the already crumbling household begin. Ranju & Parag, the fourth generation, feels the need of escaping from their Wada as they feel stifled in a time stuck place. The obvious destination is Bombay.

The split in the family widens when each start claiming their own. Ranju, with cinema in her head feels her private tutor can be a vehicle to reach Bombay. Parag, who has moved in wrong company, wants to change his ways in a faraway land. Prabha the sister of Bhaskar and Sudhir wants to further her higher studies as the fears she would end like other ladies in the Deshpande household.All this leads to further complicacies which highlights the plight of such traditional families which have stuck in time.

Mahesh Elkunchwar [born 9 October 1939] is an Indian playwright with more than 20 plays to his name, in addition to his theoretical writings, critical works, and his active work in India's Paeallel Cinema as actor and screenwriter. Today, along with Vijay tendulkarhe is one of the most influential and progressive playwrights not just in modern ,Marathi theater

but also larger modern Indian theater.

Old-Stone Mansion (1989) (Wada Chirebandi) is a family centered realistic play. The prominent women characters are  " Aai,  Vahini, Prabha, Dadi and Ranju". 

These women characters show family attachment and community bonds prevailing in the Maharashtrian society. They display feminine sensibilities in their behavior. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the female characters in terms of their actions and behaviour.

The play, Wada Chirebandi, begins on the fifth day after the demise of Tatyaji (Venkatesh) the patriarch of the Deshpande family of Dharangaon.

Dharangaon is a small hamlet in the interiors of Maharashtra where the influences of commercial Bombay has slowly spread its tentacles. The play begins with Aai, the widow of Tatyaji, awaiting the arrival of her second son Sudhir and his wife Anjali from Bombay, to attend the 13th day rites.

In the meantime, the eldest son Bhaskar and his wife, Vahini, has taken over the reins of the family by taking charge of the two objects of command, the keys and the ancestral jewellery box. Been a traditional Brahmin family, Bhaskar intends to conduct the rituals in full traditional fanfare even when the family has fallen in difficult lines.

Bhaskar expects Sudhir to bear the expenses, as his image of someone from a big city is that of been financially well off, while Sudhir claims that he is just about making ends meet in his two room apartment in the outskirts of Bombay. Thus the first crack in the already crumbling household begin. Ranju & Parag, the fourth generation, feels the need of escaping from their Wada as they feel stifled in a time stuck place. The obvious destination is Bombay.

The split in the family widens when each start claiming their own. Ranju, with cinema in her head feels her private tutor can be a vehicle to reach Bombay. Parag, who has moved in wrong company, wants to change his ways in a faraway land. Prabha the sister of Bhaskar and Sudhir wants to further her higher studies as the fears she would end like other ladies in the Deshpande household.All this leads to further complicacies which highlights the plight of such traditional families which have stuck in time.

“ As You Like It” by Shakespeare

As You Like It was first printed in the collected edition of Shakespeare's plays, during 1623.

Orlando, the youngest son of Sir Roland de Boys, is ill treated by his brother Oliver. When he responds to the general challenge issued by the Duke’s wrestler, Charles, Oliver tells Charles to injure Orlando if he can manage it. The Duke’s daughter, Celia, and her cousin, Rosalind, watch the match and Rosalind falls in love with Orlando. Orlando wins but the Duke gets angry when he discovers that Orlando is the son of his old enemy, Sir Roland de Boys. Rosalind gives Orlando a chain to wear and he falls in love with her.
The Duke unexpectedly banishes Rosalind and she decides to find her father, the real Duke, who has been overthrown by his brother, Celia’s father, Frederick. Duke Senior lives in the forest of Arden. Together with the court jester, Touchstone, the girls set out, disguised as a country boy, Ganymede, and his sister, Aliena. Co-incidentally, Orlando, fearing for his life, has also left home, accompanied by his father’s servant, Adam.
In the forest, the group from the court encounter a young shepherd, Silvius, and watch him being rejected by a shepherdess, Phoebe, as he declares his love for her. They meet an old shepherd, Corin, who is looking for someone to take over the sheep farm. Ganymede, who wants to settle in the forest, buys the lease.
At Last This Couple Mearrige with Each other .

Rosalind leaves with the disguised Celia, and the two soon return as themselves, accompanied by Hymen, the god of marriage. Hymen officiates at the ceremony and marries

1- Rosalind and Orlando

2- Celia and Oliver

3- Phoebe and Silvius

4- Audrey and Touchstone.

Now we can discusses about the theme of the novel:-

- Love : Love is the central theme of As You Like It, like other romantic

comedies of Shakespeare

- Usurpation and Injustice :- This is a significant theme of this play.

- Forgiveness :- This is a significant theme of this play. However, it ends happily with reconciliation and forgiveness.

- Court life and country life

- Religious allegory

- Music and songs : As You Like It is known as a musical comedy because of the number of songs in the play.

- Pastoral comedy

-In this play As you like it Shakespeare use the language ' Prose '